Certificate of Incorporation (COI)

A Certificate of Incorporation (COI) is a formal document that verifies the legal registration of a company. Typically issued by the company registrar or the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA), it becomes available for acquisition immediately upon...

Arbitration

Arbitration is a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) where parties agree to resolve their dispute by a neutral tribunal, typically comprising at least one arbitrator, whose decision is binding. This method offers a private and confidential resolution process...

Amortisation

Amortisation is the systematic allocation of the cost of an intangible asset over its useful life. In Singapore accounting, it spreads the expense of non-physical assets—such as software or licences—across accounting periods. As a result, it ensures expenses are...

Acquisition

An acquisition refers to a transaction in which a company acquires a majority or all of another company’s shares to attain control over it. Such transactions are widespread in the business world and can occur either with or without the approval of the target...

Audit

An audit involves a thorough review of an organisation’s financial statements as disclosed in its annual report by an external examiner. These financial statements encompass the balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity, cash flow...